Misusing Nicotine Patch

  1. patch
   

Education Feature

Misusing Nicotine Patch

By Robert Seith
CWK Senior Producer
 

“It’s
a way to get by without getting caught.”
-Elliot Bernstein, 17-

The nicotine patch and nicotine gum can help
people quit smoking. But some teens use them just to get by
until they can light up again.

“When kids are in school and they don’t have
access to smoking or smoking [is] prohibited, and they still
get these nicotine cravings, I guess they’re hooked
… they usually resort to just bringing the gum in or
patch, and they can just get the nicotine they need,”
17-year-old Elliot Bernstein says.

“In school, like when they can’t smoke …
just get that buzz,” says Bettina To, 17.

In fact, according to a study conducted by the University
of Vermont, three quarters
of teen smokers said they would use nicotine products for
“reasons other than
trying to quit smoking.”

“So I would really recommend that if parents are purchasing
these products and trying to help their kids quit, they need
to be diligent about whether or not they’re actually
trying to quit,” says Letetia Daniels, a spokeswoman
for Tobacco-Free Kids.

Parents also need to know that kids get nicotine gum or patches
from their friends.

“So I think adults should take the responsibility of,
No. 1, knowing what their kids are putting in their bodies,
knowing how they got them, and then talking to them about
the dangers of it and telling them what they’re getting
themselves into,” Daniels says.

One danger of misusing these products is nicotine poisoning,
which can cause nausea, dizziness, abnormal blood pressure
and heartbeat. But needing to use patches or gum to get through
a class or part of a school day is also a sign that a teen
has a serious addiction.

“Then they’re headed to a life of destruction,”
Daniels says.

Even Bettina, who smokes regularly, says she’d never
use the patch or gum for a nicotine fix.

“I think it’s ridiculous that someone needs it
that much,” she says.

 

Results of a new survey
published in the Archives of Pediatrics
& Adolescent Medicine
reveal that some teens, including
nonsmokers, are abusing nicotine replacement products. Researchers
surveyed 4,078 teens about their use of nicotine patches and
nicotine gum during the 1998-1999 school year. They found
that 5% of the youth reported using either the patch or the
gum. While 40% of former smokers said they used the products
to help them quit, approximately 18 said they had never smoked.
Several teens reported using the nicotine replacement products
while they smoked, leaving themselves vulnerable to nicotine
poisoning. And others said they used the patch as a substitute
for cigarettes during classes.

Why should experts and parents be concerned about teens’
use of nicotine replacement products? For starters, nicotine
is a powerfully addictive drug. The National Institute on
Drug Abuse reports that once your teen is addicted, it will
be very difficult for him or her to quit. The cause of addiction
is simple: Nicotine goes straight to the brain. The human
brain has circuits that control feelings of pleasure. Dopamine
– a brain chemical – contributes to the desire
to consume drugs. Nicotine spikes an increase in dopamine.

Nicotine also acts directly on the heart to change heart
rate and blood pressure. In high concentrations, it is deadly.
In fact, one drop of purified nicotine on the tongue will
kill a person. And it’s so lethal that it has been used
as a pesticide for centuries.

 

The American Lung Association (ALA) says that
a nicotine patch releases a constant amount of nicotine in
the body, with the nicotine dissolving right through the skin.
The patch is similar to an adhesive bandage and is available
in different shapes and sizes. If your teen uses a nicotine
patch, he or she is at risk for the following side effects:

  • Headaches
  • Dizziness
  • Upset stomach
  • Weakness
  • Blurred vision
  • Vivid dreams
  • Mild itching and burning on the skin
  • Diarrhea

Whether you suspect your teen is smoking or misusing nicotine
replacement products, you can take several steps to prevent
him or her from abusing the drug. The Substance Abuse &
Mental Health Services Administration offers the following
tips for keeping your teen nicotine and tobacco free:

  • Talk with your teen. It’s
    important to establish and maintain good communication with
    your teen. Get into the habit of talking with him or her
    every day. Building a close relationship during early childhood
    will make it easier for your teen to come to you when he
    or she has a problem and will help you become more sensitive
    to his or her mood changes. With a closer relationship to
    you, your teen will be less likely to develop mental health
    problems and to experiment with alcohol, tobacco or illegal
    drugs.
  • Get involved. It really
    can make a difference when you get involved in your teen’s
    life. Young people are much less likely to have mental health
    and substance use problems when they have positive activities
    to do and when caring adults are involved in their lives.
    Your involvement and encouragement tell your teen that his
    or her activities are worthwhile and may help him or her
    identify and pursue positive goals. Additionally, you will
    be better able to see changes in your teen that may indicate
    a problem.
  • Set rules. Make clear, sensible
    rules for your teen and enforce them with consistency and
    appropriate consequences. When you do this, you help your
    teen develop daily habits of self-discipline. Following
    these rules can help protect your teen’s physical
    safety and mental well-being, which can lower his or her
    risk for substance abuse problems.
  • Be a role model. Set a good
    example for your teen. Think about what you say and how
    you act in front of him or her. Your teen learns social
    skills and how to deal with stress by listening to and watching
    you. Do not take part in illegal, unhealthy or dangerous
    practices related to alcohol, tobacco or illegal drugs or
    your teen may believe that, no matter what you say, these
    practices are OK.
  • Teach your teen to choose friends
    wisely.
    Support your teen’s social development.
    Teach him or her how to form positive relationships. Research
    shows that the pressure to use tobacco, alcohol and illegal
    drugs comes most often from wanting to be accepted, wanting
    to belong and wanting to be noticed. Help your teen learn
    what qualities to look for in a friend, and advise him or
    her about what to say if offered harmful substances.
  • Monitor your teen’s activities.
    Do you know what your teen listens to and reads and how
    he or she spends time with his or her friends? Talking with
    your teen about his or her interests opens up an opportunity
    for you to share your values. And research says that monitoring
    your teen’s activities is an important way to lower
    his or her chances of getting involved in situations of
    which you don’t approve, especially those that can
    be harmful. Unsupervised children simply have more opportunities
    to experiment with risky behaviors, including the use of
    alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs, and they may start substance
    abuse at earlier ages.
 

American
Lung Association

Archives
of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine

National
Institute on Drug Abuse

Substance Abuse & Mental
Health Services Administration