Reading Comprehension

If your child has trouble reading, this finding is remarkable: researchers at Carnegie Mellon University found that when kids with delayed reading skills or learning disabilities were put through a comprehensive remediation program, their brains physically "rewired" themselves, increasing reading comprehension and language skills.

So how do you develop a good reader?

Some parents and teachers believe by pushing kids to read more, and to read books above their reading level...

But many experts say that's a mistake. "You know the constant, 'I want to challenge my child'", says Jill Isbell Rhodes, a Reading Recovery teacher with the Long Beach Unified School District. "'I want to motivate them through challenging material'. But often, for the children that are starting to struggle with literacy that challenge becomes an obstacle."

Experts say that some kids may seem to be good readers, and they may read fast.

"They can read the words, but they don't comprehend what they mean," says Dr. Sharon Faber, education consultant.

Seven-year-old Derrick seemed like he could read very well, but when teachers asked him about what he just read, he often couldn't answer.

"And the teacher called me for a conference and she told me that Derrick might be put behind if he didn't get to the grade level he should be," says his mother, Marna Collins.

Getting help is crucial, and the earlier the better. Studies show that, out of every eight kids in the 2nd grade who are behind in reading, only one will ever catch up.

Derrick was put into in a reading recovery program, where a key strategy is assigning books at, or slightly below, his reading level.

"To sit down and enjoy a book because it's easy, that's the best thing a parent can help a child do - is find books that are easy," says Rhodes.

Within a couple of months, Derrick's comprehension jumped almost a full grade.

Derrick says he didn't used to enjoy reading, "but now I do."

Research has shown that reading aloud to your baby as he or she grows helps him/her get used to the rhythmic sound of your voice and associate it with a peaceful and secure time. In other words, your baby is learning to correlate words, language and reading with pleasure.

The average kindergarten student has seen more than 5,000 hours of television. That's more time than it takes to earn a bachelor's degree. Preschool children whose parents read to them are better prepared to start school and perform significantly better in school than those who have not been exposed to reading. Many studies also link a child's literacy development and school success to parental involvement and the child's home literacy environment.

Between the ages of four and nine, your child will have to master some 100 phonics rules, learn to recognize 3,000 words with just a glance, and develop a comfortable reading speed approaching 100 words a minute. He/she must also learn to combine the words on the page with punctuation marks, creating a voice or image in his/her mind that gives back meaning.

When parents and children read together, an important bond is formed, one that can lead to a love of learning and reading that will last a lifetime. When a family literacy program is incorporated in activities in the home, a child will show improved skills — with up to three times the normal developmental gains — in language, literacy, creativity, social relations and initiative. As parents become more comfortable in their role as their child's first teacher, it's important to foster skills to support education in the home.

Youngsters with functionally illiterate parents are twice as likely as their peers to become functionally illiterate adults. If you feel your reading skills are sub-par, there are still ways to initiate a family literacy program at home:

• Look at books with your child — the pictures in children's books help tell the story. As you and your child practice reading simple words and phrases, you're building your own reading skills as well as your child's.
• Recite nursery rhymes or make up your own. Children need to hear the rhyming sounds in words.
• Sing songs. Most songs are really poems set to music, and they can help build reading skills.
• Tell stories from your family, neighborhood or childhood.
• Ask questions that your child can't answer with just a "yes" or "no," such as "Why do you think that dog is barking" or "What do you see when you look out the window?" Talking with your child is one of the best ways to build language skills.
• Talk about colors and shapes.
• Draw and color pictures and "write" together.
• Remember to make these activities fun!

What We Need To Know

Experts say reading aloud with your child is one of the best ways you can help him/her grow into a successful reader. When you make reading a joyful, fun activity, kids will keep coming back for more.

As you discover adventures between the covers of a book, you discover things about each other as well. And with every turn of the page, your child expands his or her vocabulary, comprehension, reasoning and grammar skills. To maximize the benefit your child gains from reading:

• Create a "Reading Ritual" by reading together every day at the same time in a special place.
• Cuddle with your child while reading together so your child will associate reading with a sense of security. Children learn better when they feel safe.
• Use silly voices and sound effects to peak your child's interest.
• Follow along with your finger as you read to show how text moves from left to right. This will help your child connect to the text you are reading.
• Point out the pictures in the book and talk about what you see.
• Point out different kinds of words around you like shopping lists, store signs and labels.
• Ask open-ended questions about the stories you read together.
• Children like and need to hear favorite stories over and over. It helps them recognize and remember words and gives them confidence about reading.
• Let your child touch and hold the book. Ask him or her to help you turn the pages.
• Don't push your child to read beyond his ability. Choose age-appropriate books and congratulate any progress he or she makes with his or her reading skills.

Resources

• Facts on Illiteracy in America
• Literacy Statistics for the United States
• National Adult Literacy Database
• National Center for Family Literacy
• Reading Rockets
• Simple Things You Can Do To Help All Children Read Well

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